Historical review on the patterns of open innovation at the national level: the case of the roman period

Table 7 Analysis of User Innovation Type and adoption of Military Technology from Surrounding Nations

NIS Constituents	Description of case
Innovative Agent	Government of Ancient Rome (centered around military agents)
Innovative Activity	User innovation from the recognition of limitations in existing weapon systems and adopting, modifying, and making use of foreign weapon systems
Innovative Activity	Caused innovation to spread to the military systems in general, affecting various areas such as military strategy
Government Support Policies	Assimilating skilled military personnel from conquered lands or issuing tailored strategies to legions
Environmental and Institutional Context	The increased pace in territorial expansion and war made the usage of the existing Greek systems risky.
Environmental and Institutional Context	All military personnel (leadership and soldiers) were aware of the threats posed by the weapon systems of the natives, which were tailored to the battlefield conditions.