Table 1 Summary statistics

Major Variables

Obs.

Mean

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

Patents (per 100,000 people)

34

9.43

8.29

0.14

28.73

POLCON V

34

0.75

0.10

0.44

0.89

POLCON III

34

0.47

0.11

0.26

0.86

Power Distance Index (PDI)

34

46.74

20.09

11

100

Individualism (IDV)

34

60.18

20.04

18

91

Masculinity (MAS)

34

49.68

24.83

5

100

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)

34

67.35

21.41

23

100

Long-Term Orientation (LTO)

34

51.65

21.43

21

100

Indulgence (IND)

33^a

53.45

18.58

16

97

Control Variables

Mean

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

GDP per capita in $1000 (GDPPC)

34

29.57

16.69

6.49

76.27

Gross R&D expenditure as % of GDP (GERD)

34

1.75

0.93

0.35

3.86

Military spending as % of GDP (MILITARY)

34

1.78

1.24

0.15

7.30

Trade openness (exports + imports as % of GDP) (TRADE)

34

86.36

49.19

25.30

284.99

Fuel exports as % of merchandise exports (FUEL)

34

7.06

10.98

0.41

61.56

Education spending as % of GDP (EDUC)

34

5.09

1.16

2.86

8.09