Innovation decision of Tunisian service firms: an empirical analysis

Table 5 Marginal effects of multinomial Probit model for innovation choice (second model)

Variables	Probit model		Multinomial Probit model
	Probit model		New-to-market only		New-to-firm only		Both
	dy/dx	SE	dy/dx	SE	dy/dx	SE	dy/dx	SE
Internal knowledge sourcing
Engaging in innovation activities (ENGAG)	−0.193	0.120	−0.062	0.041	−0.029	0.023	0.091	0.048*
External knowledge sourcing
Cooperation (COOPER)	0.191	0.087**	−0.039	0.044	0.025	0.029	0.014	0.057
International orientation (INTER)	0.040	0.020**	−0.010	0.019	0.000	0.011	0.010	0.023
Absorptive capacity
Education level (QUAL)	0.060	0.125	−0.041	0.085	0.164	0.087***	−0.122	0.124
Group membership (APP GROUP)	0.057	0.046	−0.022	0.036	0.037	0.035	−0.014	0.056
Ressources
Size (SIZE)	−0.007	0.048	0.063	0.044	0.057	0.036	−0.121	0.056**
Size-squared	−0.003	0.006	−0.005	0.004	−0.005	0.004	0.010	0.006*
Firm vintage (AGE)	0.009	0.005	−0.004	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.003
The aims of the innovation
Replace obsolete services (SERV_OBS)	−0.023	0.020	−0.002	0.013	−0.006	0.010	0.009	0.017
Improve service quality (QUAL_SERV)	0.043	0.045	0.119	0.056**	−0.021	0.021	−0.097	0.059*
Extend the line of services (GAM_SERV)	0.020	0.022	0.038	0.024	0.021	0.014	−0.059	0.029**
Sustain the market share (PART_MAR)	0.037	0.037	−0.125	0.056**	0.015	0.019	0.110	0.060*
Reduce production cost (RED_COUT)	0.037	0.019*	−0.019	0.019	−0.025	0.010**	0.044	0.023*
Log-likelihood	−1526.3879		−4360.0491
Likelihood Ratio statistic (LR)	20814.832		6830.8306
Prob > LR	[0.000]		[0.000]
AIC	4627.886		8776.098
BIC	4664.217		8842.443
R squared	0.80		0.44
Number of observation	99		79