The effect of service innovation on R&D activities and government support systems: the moderating role of government support systems in Korea

Table 2 Definition of Variables

Variables				Variable measurement
Dependent variables	R&D activity	Internal R&D	X1	Whether companies have carried out R&D activities from 2009 to 2011.
		Cooperate R&D	X2
		External R&D	X3
Independent variables	Product innovation performance	Achieving product innovation performance	Y	Whether companies have achieved product innovation performance from 2009 to 2011.
Moderator variable	Government support	Direct financial support	M1	Whether companies have received government’s finance supports including tax reduction from 2009 to 2011.
	Program	Indirectly providing innovation opportunity	M2	Whether companies have received government’s indirect support to provide opportunity innovation from 2009 to 2011.
	Program	Indirectly support for diffusing the results of innovation	M3	Whether companies have received government’s support programs for marketing and public procurement from 2009 to 2011.
Control variable	R&D workforce size		C	Size of R&D workforce in 2011