Table 4 Summary of research results and meanings
Hypothesis | Accept or reject | Implication |
|---|---|---|
1-1 | Accepted | As knowledge-based urbanization proceeds, open innovation also increases. However, if cities dominated by large companies exist, other results may be produced. |
1-2 | Accepted | |
1-3 | Accepted | |
1-4 | Rejected | |
2-1 | Accepted | In the case of a knowledge city, as the size of a city increases, the breadth and depth of open innovation across the city rise. |
2-2 | Accepted | |
2-3 | Accepted | |
2-4 | Accepted | |
3-1 | Accepted | The top 10 % of patent applications of a city strengthen the breadth and depth of open innovation as knowledge-based urbanization proceeds. However, in cases of cities dominated by large companies or surrounding cities, exceptional cases may occur. |
3-2 | Accepted | |
3-3 | Accepted | |
3-4 | Rejected | |
4-1 | Accepted | The lowest 70 % of patent applications of a city strengthen the breadth and depth of open innovation as knowledge-based urbanization proceeds. In addition, compared with the top 10 %, they promote a much higher level of open innovation. |
4-2 | Accepted | |
4-3 | Accepted | |
4-4 | Accepted |