Knowledge-based development as a new economic culture

Table 1 Key factors in major production systems

	Production type	Input	Process		Output
	Production type	Input	Agent	Instrument	Output
Physical Era	Hunting – gathering	Natural habitat	Human and animal	Hands and primitive tools and techniques	Game, fish and collected natural goods
	Agricultural	Land, water, seeds, fertilizers	Human and animal	Agricultural equipment and techniques	Agricultural goods
	Extractive	Natural deposits	Human and animal	Mining equipment and techniques	Stones, metals, minerals
	Industrial	Raw materials and energy	Human and automata	Industrial machinery, equipment and techniques	Manufactured goods and industrialized products
	Physical-based production	Matter and energy	Muscular strength and sensory-muscular dexterity	Physical tools, equipment and techniques	Physical goods
Knowledge Era	Knowledge-based production	(Relative) lower-level knowledge input	Rationality and emotion	Knowledge processing tools, systems and networks	(Relative) higher-level knowledge outputs & services