Table 11 Privacy issues

Hwang et al.

2009

Cloning

The attacker can read the tag and then clone the tag by writing all the obtained data into other

Eavesdropping

The attacker surreptitiously listens to all the communications between the reader and the tag

Replay attack

The attacker repeats or delays the same message when valid data are transmitted

Denial of Service

The attacker can send massive message to RFID system and attempt to crash the RFID system

Forward Security

The attacker can compromise a tag and obtain its current relation date

Tag tracing

The tag always broadcasts a fixed serial number to somewhere nearby the reader; therefore, the adversary can identify a fixed serial number of the tag from different locations or transaction records

Individual data privacy

The hacker can know what items the consumer bought from the store or what books the consumer borrowed from the library

Data forging

The attacker can modify the dates, items, and prices and then cause great loss if the tag can store extra data

Numann and Hogben

2008

Skimming

The attacker opens a clan-destine connection to the chip and gains access to the data

Eavesdropping

The attacker intercepts the communication between the chip and an authorized reader

Location tracking

The attacker generates person or card-specific movement profiles.