From: Globalization of R&D and open innovation: linkages of foreign R&D centers in India
Degree of Linkages | Rank | Type of external linkages with local organizations: universities, government research institutes, firms, suppliers and clients | |
---|---|---|---|
High | 4 | Joint research | Collaborative projects with local organizations on different types and degrees of research, development and design of new products, processes, joint problem-solving involving high degrees of trust |
 | 3 | Joint adaptation modification | Acquisition and sharing of knowledge with local organizations for basic or intermediate innovation activities |
 | 2 | Human resource recruitment, education & training | Recruitment of human resources and education and training programmes with local organizations |
 | 1 | Arm’s length | Informal and /or one off type of interactions based on minimum exchange of information |
Low/Lacking | 0 | No linkage | Â |